Paper and cardboard found very wide application and play a huge role in the modern world. The ancient Egyptians more than 3 thousand years ago, used similar to the properties of the material that is made from the fibers of the papyrus. More than half produced paper accounts for printed products, while the other half is used in the production of container. In many areas of the paper is irreplaceable and is preferred as a packaging material. Foundation board and paper is cellulose, which are made from wood.
By mechanical action obtained short fibers of low quality, but by a chemical – high-quality long fiber pulp. From the resulting product, called the pulp, dried, yielding different types of paper. The basic semi-product in the manufacture of a cellulose, wood pulp and waste paper. Wrapping and newsprint is produced from wood mass. Higher-quality paper for books and writing is made from cellulose. A small portion of the paper is made from recycled paper and half-rag.
Waste paper is collected, sorted, cleaned and separated into fibers. Half-rag made from scraps of linen or cotton fabrics that clean, crush and turned into fiber. Disposal of waste paper produced at the enterprises for the production of paper. For obtain various kinds of paper, half-mixed with each other, for example wood mixed with cellulose or cellulose is added to the rag. Quality of paper and paperboard is determined by various parameters. The main characteristic of the paper materials is 1m2 weight in grams, according to which the distinction: 1. paper, weighing from 5 to 200 g/m3. On the content of the paper pulp mixture classified: superfine, fine, semithin, plain and Paper with high density. 2. thin cardboard, with a mass of 200 to 400 g/m3. Used alone and in combination with different materials. The most widely used in the manufacture of folding cartons made from corrugated cardboard. Corrugated cardboard is produced from cellulose by the addition of recycled materials, dyes and other materials. 3. paperboard, weighing from 400 to 1200 g/m3. This board is designed for the manufacture of boxes, using metal staples. Fabrication process does not differ from the process of making paper and thin cardboard. On the scope of the board is divided into three classes. 1. Polygraph. Has a single or double-coated layer. Designed for full-color print quality and is used in the production of postcards, brochures and folders. Has a low rigidity, but has a high whiteness and qualitative composition. 2. Packaging. Has a high rigidity and durability. The middle layer is made from recycled paper, making production cheaper, without compromising the properties of cardboard. 3. Design. Is the most expensive, made of pure cellulose, has a variety of textures and colors. The main advantages of cardboard and paper are their simplicity and use as packaging for various goods. In addition, cardboard and paper be recycled, which saves material resources. Recycled manufactured materials that are environmentally friendly. The disadvantages of paper and cardboard should be assigned a higher value compared to some types of plastic, high moisture permeability, poor resistance to mechanical and chemical influences.
